Agostini v. Felton (1997) ruled that a New York program allowing public
school teachers to provide remedial instruction in private schools did not
violate the First Amendment.
Aguilar v. Felton (1958) said that New York had violated the First
Amendment by paying public school teachers to teach low-income students in
private religious schools.
Board of Education v. Allen (1968) rejected First Amendment challenges and
upheld a state law allowing loans of textbooks to all schoolchildren,
including in parochial schools.
The Supreme Court in Carson v. Makin ruled in June 2022 that Maine’s
tuition reimbursement program could not exclude parents who sent their
children to religious schools.
Cochran v. Board of Education (1930) upheld a law against First Amendment
challenges that allowed the state to give textbooks to students in
parochial school.
Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty v. Nyquist (1973)
determined that a tuition and tax break program for parochial school
parents violated the First Amendment.
Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty v. Regan (1980) said a
law that gave funds to private, and religious schools, for testing did not
violate the First Amendment.
The Supreme Court in 2020 ruled that states cannot create programs that
exclude religious schools from programs that subsidize private schools with
public money in Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue.
Everson v. Board of Education (1947) said spending tax funds to bus
children to religious schools did not breach the First Amendment
establishment clause.
In Grand Rapids School District v. Ball, the Supreme Court struck down two
government education programs that employed parochial school teachers and
facilities.
Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) said the First Amendment prohibited government
from providing funds to church-run schools. It established the Lemon Test
for establishment clause cases.
Lemon v. Kurzman II (1973) said the ruling prohibiting government from
funding religious schools did not mean retroactive payments violated the
First Amendment.
Levitt v. Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty (1973) said
that payments to religious schools for state-mandated testing violated the
First Amendment.
Locke v. Davey (2004) said a scholarship program in Washington state that
did not allow a student to major in theology did not violate his First
Amendment rights.
Meek v. Pittenger (1975) concerns an establishment clause challenge to
state statutes that permitted its public schools to lend resources to
nonpublic schools and students.
In Mitchell v. Helms (2000), the Supreme Court rejected a longstanding
establishment clause challenge to public funding of instructional resources
for religious schools.
Mueller v. Allen (1983) found that a law allowing tax deductions benefiting
parochial schools was not in violation of the establishment clause of the
First Amendment.
New York v. Cathedral Academy (1977) invalidated a state law to reimburse
parochial schools because it violated the First Amendment by requiring
excessive entanglement in religion.
Norwood v. Harrison (1973) found a program that provided textbooks to
private schools violated the Fourteenth Amendment but not the establishment
clause of the First Amendment.
Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925), although never mentioning the First
Amendment, has become an important precedent both for the rights of parents
to educate their children.
Sloan v. Lemon (1973) struck down a Pennsylvania law providing tuition
reimbursement for children in private schools, finding it violated the
First Amendment.
Trinity Lutheran Church of Columbia, Inc. v. Comer (2017) used the free
exercise clause of the First Amendment to rule that a state had improperly
excluded a church from a grant.
Witters v. Washington Department of Services for the Blind (1986) said a
program that provided funds that a man used for religious education did not
violate the First Amendment.
Wolman v. Walter (1977) struck down parts of a law that provided funds to
nonpublic schools, including religious schools, as a violation of the First
Amendment.
Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District (1993) said the First
Amendment did not prohibit a school district from providing a sign-language
interpreter to a Catholic school.
