Baggett v. Bullitt (1964) struck down a state law that mandated loyalty
oaths for state employees, thereby interfering with their First Amendment
rights of association.
Loyalty Oaths Archives
In June 1865, Missouri, whose citizens had been deeply split by the Civil War, adopted a constitution that barred from voting any individuals who were unwilling to take an oath that they had never aided the Confederacy or any of its participants or who had left the state to escape conscription. They also would