Butterworth v. Smith (1990) said prohibiting grand jury witnesses from
disclosing their testimony after the grand jury term has expired violated
First Amendment rights.

In a case that offers insight into how early American courts viewed liberty
of conscience, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court upheld a judge’s decision to
remove a juror who opposed the death penalty. In Commonwealth v. Lesher
(1828), the court questioned how a judge could have forced a juror to “take
the affirmation, which in his own heart he was determined to disregard.”

State v. Willson (1823 S.C. App.) offers insight into the early
understanding of religious liberty in allowing exemptions to laws based on
religious beliefs.

Sugarman v. United States (1919) upheld a conviction under the Espionage
Act against a challenge that the judge had not given instructions about
First Amendment protection.