In Hishon v. King & Spalding, 467 U.S. 69 (1984), the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed a decision by the Eleventh U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals and held that a law firm was subject to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in deciding whether to promote an associate to partner. Title VII prohibits discrimination

In 303 Creative LLC v. Elenis, 600 U.S. ___ (2023), the Supreme Court held, in a 6-3 decision, that a website designer had a First Amendment free speech right to refuse to create wedding websites for same-sex couples. This decision reversed the 10th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruling in 303 Creative LLC v. Elenis,

Samantha Elauf, center, her mother Majda Elauf, left, and P. David Lopez, General Counsel of the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), leave the Supreme Court in 2015. Samantha Elauf and the EEOC were suing Abercrombie & Fitch, who had decided not to hire Elauf due to their dress policy. The Court ruled in favor

The 10th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals upheld a Colorado
anti-discrimination law after a First Amendment challenge by a wedding
website designer who said it would force her to produce websites for
same-sex couples, which she didn’t want to do.

The Supreme Court in Fulton v. City of Philadelphia (2021) upheld the
religious rights of Catholic Social Services, saying the agency’s refusal
to certify same-sex couples as foster families could not be the city’s
reason for ending the agency’s contract.

Bob Jones University v. United States (1983) held that the IRS may deny
tax-exempt status to institutions that violate racial policy, even if the
violations are based on religion.

Boy Scouts of America v. Dale (2000) ruled that the Boy Scouts had the
First Amendment expressive association right to revoke the membership of a
gay assistant scoutmaster.