In Doe No. 1 v. Reed (2010), the Court upheld a state law requiring the
disclosure of referendum signers and ruled that the law on its face does
not violate the First Amendment.
Anonymous Speech
This is a list of First Amendment cases involving protection of anonymous speech.
The Supreme Court has protected anonymity under the First Amendment, but as with other constitutional rights, it has balanced protection for anonymous speech against competing interests, notably in the areas of political activity, campaign finance, and use of the Internet.
From the United States’ earliest days, speakers addressing controversial public questions have sought anonymity.
For example, the authors of the Federalist Papers, which supported ratification of the Constitution, published under the pseudonym Publius. Also many revolutionary-era pamphleteers published under assumed names, often to escape prosecution.