Artemus Ward is political science professor and faculty associate at the College of Law at Northern Illinois University. He received his doctorate from the Maxwell School of Citizenship & Public Affairs at Syracuse University in 1999 and worked as a staffer on the House Judiciary Committee in Washington, DC. His research focuses on the U.S. Supreme Court and he has been featured on NBC Nightly News, Fox News, C-SPAN and by The New York Times, The Associated Press and the New Republic. He has twice won the Hughes-Gossett Prize for historical excellence by the Supreme Court Historical Society. His books include “American Judicial Process: Myth and Reality in Law and Courts” (2015), “The Puzzle of Unanimity: Consensus on the United States Supreme Court” (2013), “Sorcerers’ Apprentices: 100 Years of Law Clerks at the U.S. Supreme Court” (2006) and “Deciding to Leave: The Politics of Retirement at the U.S. Supreme Court” (2003). Ward teaches introduction to American politics, mass media and American politics, American presidential elections, constitutional law, civil rights, civil liberties, judicial politics, law and film, law and baseball, politics and popular music and political humor. He periodically offers experiential learning courses such as taking students to Washington, D.C. for a weeklong advanced seminar on American politics and summer study abroad courses at Oriel College, Oxford University. His research projects include a book manuscript on dissents in the U.S. Supreme Court with Pam Corley and a project on the Supreme Court and judicial minimalism with Mitch Pickerill.

More Articles from this Author


Animal Sacrifice

In its only animal sacrifice case, the Court said a city ordinance prohibiting animal sacrifice violated the First Amendment by targeting the Santeria religion.

Anthony Kennedy

Anthony Kennedy has frequently been the swing vote in First Amendment cases. He has tended to side with protections for free speech and accommodation on religious matters.

Ashcroft v. American Civil Liberties Union (2002, 2004)

Ashcroft v. American Civil Liberties Union (2004) struck down a law designed to protect children from Internet pornography on grounds it violated the First Amendment.

Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition (2002)

Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition (2002) struck down a ban virtual child pornography, which, being neither obscene nor child pornography, was protected by the First Amendment.

Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet (1994)

Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet (1994) said a school district created for disabled children of a religious sect violated the First Amendment.

Bowen v. Kendrick (1988)

Bowen v. Kendrick (1988) ruled that an act involving religious organizations and pregnancy services did not violate the establishment clause of the First Amendment.

Child Pornography

The Supreme Court has ruled some laws outlawing child pornography and children’s access to obscene materials were too broad and infringed upon First Amendment rights.

Child Protection Restoration and Penalties Enhancement Act of 1990 (1990)

Congress passed the Child Protection Restoration and Penalties Enhancement Act of 1990 (CPRPEA) to make it a crime knowingly to possess child pornography.

Everson v. Board of Education(1947)

Everson v. Board of Education (1947) said spending tax funds to bus children to religious schools did not breach the First Amendment establishment clause.

Grand Rapids School District v. Ball(1985)

In Grand Rapids School District v. Ball, the Supreme Court struck down two government education programs that employed parochial school teachers and facilities.

Judith Miller

Judith P. Miller, a Pulitzer Prize–winning investigative journalist, went to jail rather than testify before a federal grand jury about a confidential source.

Lamb’s Chapel v. Center Moriches Union Free School District (1993)

Lamb's Chapel v. Center Moriches School District (1993) said that a law banning a religious group from using a public school to show a religious film violated the First Amendment.

Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission (1990)

Metro Broadcasting v. Federal Communications Commission (1990) upheld affirmative action policies favoring minorities in broadcast licensing to promote programming diversity.

New York v. Ferber (1982)

New York v. Ferber (1982) is the foundational decision in which the Supreme Court held that the First Amendment does not protect child pornography.

Parades

Courts have consistently ruled that private speech that takes place in public in the form of a parade or march is constitutionally protected by the First Amendment.

Potter Stewart

Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart had a mixed record in First Amendment cases but was often supportive of individual liberty in cases involving speech and religion.

Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation Act of 1977 (1977)

Congress passed the Protection of Children Against Sexual Exploitation Act of 1977. Courts later upheld the law from First Amendment and other challenges.

The Devil in Miss Jones

The Devil in Miss Jones was key in the adult film industry’s quest to be protected by the First Amendment rather than as pornography, which can be deemed obscene.